Tuesday, October 9, 2018

What is Corneal Transplant? How effective is it?

Corneal Transplant, also known as corneal Grafting is a medical procedure of treating patients suffering from chronic corneal damage. The complete replacement of the cornea is known as penetrating keratoplasty whereas partial replacement is known as lamellar keratoplasty. Either of the two surgeries is performed depending upon the area of cornea affected. Corneal injuries can be very traumatic as these directly impact the ability of a person to see clearly. Keratoconus surgery in India has gained a lot of momentum in the recent past. You can find some of the best keratoconus hospitals in India which have equipped with all sorts of machinery based on latest technological advancement that help to give very accurate and precise outcomes. Keratoconus lasik treatment in India has helped to restore the normal functioning of eyes in a large number of patients. Keratoconus treatment cost in India lies somewhere between 1.5 lakhs to 3 lakhs which are comparatively cheaper than other countries, hereby making the surgical option available for the majority of people. 

 The eyes are the most sensitive organs of the human body which enable us to see. The proper functioning of the eyes is extremely important for living in normal life. Although eye defects do not pose a threat to your life, however, these can severely affect the quality of your life making you dependent upon others and preventing you from performing normal day to day activities. Our eyes can get affected by the various impurities present in the environment, unhealthy lifestyle practices like spending hours in front of a television screen and prevailing medical conditions. Eye defects may also be congenital i.e present since birth and genetic i.e passed down from the parents to the children. Although some of the eye defects can be treated easily why the use of eye drops and oral medication however in extreme cases eye transplants may also be required. Out of the various eye defects that quite prevalent nowadays corneal eye diseases are quite common.

The cornea is the uppermost layer of the eye that enables the light to enter the eyes. Since the cornea is the outermost part of the eye, it is quite vulnerable to all the impurities present in the atmosphere and gets easily affected by unhealthy lifestyle practices.  A recent survey has shown that corneal eye defects are the fourth most common cause of blindness in the people nowadays. The damaged cornea can severely affect your vision by distorting the light coming from the objects. This leads to glaring or blurring of vision and ultimately complete loss of sight. Mild corneal defects can be treated by the use of eyeglasses and lenses however in severe cases a surgery might be required. Corneal transplant surgeries involve the replacement of the damaged corneal tissue with healthy tissue taken from an eye Bank.

One of the most common corneal eye defects is Keratoconus. It is a progressive eye disease in which the cornea of the person becomes very thin and starts to bulge out in a cone shape. As a result of this, the light entering the light entering the eye gets deflected leading to distorted vision. The problem can affect either of the two eyes or both eyes simultaneously. It usually starts showing its traces when a person is in the early 20's and keeps on progressing. The common symptoms of Keratoconus include irregularity in the shape of the cornea, Myopia, astigmatism, distorted and blurred vision, glaring and light sensitivity.

The problem is usually caused by weakening of the cornea as a result of which it dilates and becomes thin. It can be triggered by enzyme imbalance which makes the cornea more vulnerable to oxidative damage from free radicals. As a result of which the cornea starts to bulge out. The problem is usually genetic and may affect more than one member of the same family. It can also be triggered by exposure to unhealthy radiations of the sun, excessive rubbing of eyes, chronic eye infection etc. 

The surgical treatment for keratoconus includes corneal Cross-linking or CXL. The procedure aims at strengthening the corneal tissues hereby preventing the bulging out of the cornea. Corneal cross-linking can be performed in two different ways epithelium-on and epithelium-off.

Epithelium-on is commonly known as transepithelial crosslinking. In this method, the corneal epithelium is left intact. The procedure is a bit longer than its epithelium-off but ensures reduced risks of infections, minimal discomfort and faster recovery.

Epithelium-off, on the other hand, involves the removal of the corneal epithelium to allow the entry of riboflavin. This is later activated with the help of UV light. The procedures are to be carried out very carefully as there is a higher risk of infection.

Apart from surgical methods, other techniques may also be used which involve corneal transplant and use of contact lenses.

It is very important to treat the problem in time as any delay can lead to complete Visual impairment thereby affecting the quality of the patient's life. After the surgery, the patient has to give complete rest to his eyes and ensure that guys are not subjected to any strain for some time. Direct sunlight and excessive use of gadgets should be avoided. The doctor may prescribe certain eye drops which should be used on time. In case of any irritation or discomfort, an ophthalmologist should be consulted immediately. 

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